Hydrodesulfurization catalysts structure and activity. Tricklebed reactors are used primarily in the petroleum industry for hydrocracking, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrodenitrogenation. International journal of chemical reactor engineering 143. Pdf the hydrodesulfurization hds of dibenzothiophene dbt is investigated over a. Part of the nato asi series book series nsse, volume 110. Pq optimization services,3418 clear water park drive, katy, tx 77450. Refining for the nontechnical person, 2nd edition, pennwell books, isbn. Burst by hydrogen attack of residue hydrodesulfurization. It focuses on the new generation of fe1xo based catalysts and ruthenium catalysts both are major. The h 2 s flows out of the reactor, along with excess hydrogen, and into a treatment unit where it is separated out, allowing the hydrogen to be recycled through the process. Knowing the olefin content of the gasoline is key to achieving a proper design, as olefin saturation largely sets the heat release and hydrogen consumption that will be experienced. Competitive hydrodesulfurization and hydrogenation in a. Slurry bubble column reactor design in hydrodesulfurization. Hydrodesulfurization hds is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur s from natural gas and from refined petroleum products, such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel oils.
If the hydrogen pressure is too low for the required duty at any position within the reaction system, premature aging of. Hydrodesulfurization hydrodesulfurization hds or hydrotreating is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur compounds from refined petroleum products such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, diesel fuel, and fuel oils. Performance testing of hydrodesulfurization catalysts. With no new refineries being built, companies are spending their. An overview of hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation. Stainless steels 20b, sus321 were used for this main piping. A dynamic reduced model of an industrial diesel hydrodesulfurization plant has been. Here r represents an alkyl group, such as methyl ch 3, or ethyl c 2 h 5. Kinetic modeling and reactor simulation in hydrodesulfurization of oil. Essentials of chemical reaction engineering, 2nd edition. Click download or read online button to get the catalysts book now. Elements of chemical reaction engineering, 5th edition informit.
Design parameters for a hydro desulfurization hds unit. In this work, novel trimetallic catalysts based on transition metal sulphides ru, mo and ni. Hydrocracking in petroleum processing springerlink. Chemistry and engineering of catalytic hydrodesulfurization. Hds in a conventional reactor and the operational and design alternatives offered by a reactive distillation process are presented in table 1. Hydrodesulfurization hds of a sulfide, a disulfide, and dibenzothiophene. The hydrodesulfurization of lco on a commercial comoal2o3 imp catalyst was. New approaches to achieve deep hydrodesulfurization are proposed. Hydrodesulfurization of crude oil over como catalysts in a. Kinetic modeling and reactor simulation in hydrodesulfurization of. Hydrocracking processes are designed for, and run at, a variety of conditions. Burst by hydrogen attack of residue hydrodesulfurization unit. Thus, hds is the most common technology used by refineries to remove sulfur from crude oil and its distillates gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oilit is a technology that converts organic sulfur compounds to hydrogen sulfide hydrogen sulfide under high temperature 290455c.
Keywords hydrotreating, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, diesel fuel, gasoline. Scott foglers elements of chemical reaction engineering has been the worlds leading text for undergraduate and graduatelevel courses in chemical reaction engineering. It also explains the processes that produce raw materials for the petrochemical industry. Todays definitive, undergraduatelevel introduction to chemical reaction engineering problemsolving. Hydrodesulfurization of cracked gasoline is now a vital step for the production of clean fuels. Hydrogen sulfide is the product of hydrodesulfurization reaction and it is the inhibiter of the reaction. Refining endproducts the primary endproducts produced in petroleum refining may be grouped into four categories. Hydrodesulfurization encyclopedia article citizendium. A bubble column reactor is basically a cylindrical vessel with a gas distributor at the bottom. When products inhibit the reaction, the countercurrent operation is expected to have an advantage over the cocurrent operation.
Fogler, elements of chemical reaction engineering, 5th. Elements of chemical reaction engineering, 5th edition. Pdf hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene in a micro trickle. Effects of space velocity and length of reactor on the conversion rate and catalyst effectiveness for hds process have been investigated. In a refinery hds unit, the reaction occurs in a fixedbed reactor at. Journals az books and reference advertising media kit. Hydrodesulfurization, also known as hds, is a process in which sulfur is removed from crude oil, and oilderived feedstock for the petrochemical industry, by combining it with hydrogen to form hydrogen sulfide h 2 s. Essentials of chemical reaction engineering 2nd edition.
An experimental setup was constructed to investigate the hydrotreatment of complex mixtures. It is estimated that a significant fraction of all the petroleum processed passes through a tricklebed reactor in one way or another. Hydrodesulfurization hds is the reaction through which sulfur is removed. It illustrates all the possible processes to lower the sulfur contents in petro. Desulfurization of fuels is commonly achieved by catalytic hydrodesulfurization hds, in which the organic sulfur species are converted to h 2 s and the corresponding hydrocarbon, as in the following reaction. Apr 18, 2020 there are a number of hydrodesulfurization catalysts, but the one most commonly used consists of molybdenum sulfide, which contains cobalt on an aluminum oxide base. Petroleum refinery activities start with receipt of. Nov 25, 2015 the hydrodesulfurization process takes place in a pseudothreephase fluidizedbed slurry bubble column reactor with liquid and gas growing upwards. Multiobjective optimization of a hydrodesulfurization process. The oil feed combined with the hydrogenrich gas enters the top of the fixedbed reactor. Petroleum refining design and applications handbook wiley. Most hydrotreating reactions are carried out below 800 f 427 c to minimize cracking, and the feed is usually heated to between 500 and 800 f 260 and 427 c. Hydrocracking is a process that is suitable to produce products that meet or exceed all of the present environmental regulations.
In the presence of the metaloxide catalyst, the hydrogen reacts with the oil to. Improved designs of fcc gasoline hydrodesulfurization. Hydrodesulfurization hds is a process in which hydrocarbon fuels are. The catalyst aging phenomena have been countered by catalyst and reactordesigns maximizing the capacity for unwanted. With so many changes over the last few decades in equipment and processes, petroleum refining is almost a living document, constantly needing updating. Robinson and others published hydrotreating and hydrocracking. Chapter 15 design of reactors and mixers from table 15. Essentials of chemical reaction engineering, 2nd edition book. Hydrodesulfurization catalysis and mechanism of supported. Rem, voor een commissie aangewezen door het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 4 april 2000. Solid phase residence time distribution in threephase sparged reactors vivek p. The distillation with side reactor has been proposed to remove sulfur compounds of diesel.
Metals the metals contained in the naphtha feed are arsenic, lead, and to a lesser degree copper and nickel, which damage the reforming catalyst permanently. The design and optimization of a hydrodesulfurization process involve the selection of the con. Elements of chemical reaction engineering, fifth edition. The deep desulfurization of oil fraction is a central matter of concern to every refinery. The purpose of removing the sulfur, and creating products such as ultralowsulfur diesel, is to reduce the sulfur dioxide. Crude oil is thought to have formed over millions of years from layers of dead plankton on the seabed. Multiobjective optimization of a hydrodesulfurization. In addition, an entire section of the book presents reactor design engineering theory and practices for the profitable application of these catalysts in largescale industrial processes. Review bubble column reactors nigar kantarcia, fahir borakb, kutlu o. Hydrodesulfurization and demetallization occur simultaneously on the active sites within the catalyst pore structure. Handbook of refinery desulfurization 1st edition nour. Operating manuals light cycle oil hydrotreater operating manuals page 2 of 103 rev. Its purpose is the prediction of the rate of hydrogen consumption, as well as some other critical variables, as a function of the hydrocarbon feed, so as to be.
The gas is sparged in the form of bubbles into either a liquid phase or a liquidsolid suspension. Elements of chemical reaction engineering, fifth edition book. Branch piping 1,300mm in length of same material 6b, sus321 had been installed horizontally in the main. The definitive, fully updated guide to solving realworld chemical reaction engineering problems for decades, h. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Engineering aspects of trickle bed reactors springerlink. Improved designs of fcc gasoline hydrodesulfurization units. The classes of sulfur containing compounds in petroleum feedstocks, listed in order of reactivity in hydrodesulfurization, are. Hydrodesulfurization of vacuum gas oil in a trickle bed reactor was. Abstractin this paper, hydrodesulfurization hds of crude oil in the threephase slurry reactor over cobalt molybdenum catalyst como. The hydrodesulfurization process takes place in a pseudothreephase fluidizedbed slurry bubble column reactor with liquid and gas growing upwards. Event the process fluid, including high temperature high pressure hydrogen, flows to the main piping from the reactor exit to the separator.
The more stringent environmental regulations enacted throughout the world have increased the need of more active hydrotreating hdt catalysts, in the. The thiophene hydrodesulfurization and cyclohexene hydrogenation activity of the catalysts were measured in a high pressure reactor. The hydrogen pressure and the temperature were varied between 3040 bar and 509523 k. Handbook of refinery desulfurization describes the operation of the various desulfurization process units in a petroleum refinery. The important effect of hydrogen is the minimization of coking reactions.
Speight, in heavy oil recovery and upgrading, 2019. Hydrodesulfurization an overview sciencedirect topics. The catalysts download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. There is a renaissance that is occurring in chemical and process engineering, and it is crucial for todays scientists, engineers, technicians, and operators to stay current. Scott fogler is the ame and catherine vennema professor of chemical engineering and the arthur f. The definitive, fully updated guide to solving realworld chemical reaction engineering problems. Reduced modelling and validation of an industrial diesel. Development of highlyactive hydrodesulfurization catalyst. The process design will depend on many factors such as feed type, desired cycle length, and the desired product slate. Hydrodesulfurization of crude oil over como catalysts in. Hydrodesulfurization hds is a catalytic chemical process by which sulfur s is removed from natural gas and from refined petroleum products like petrol, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel and fuel oils in the form of hydrogen sulfide or sulfur dioxide. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want.
This updated second edition covers mole balances, conversion and reactor sizing, rate laws and stoichiometry, isothermal reactor design, rate data collectionanalysis, multiple reactions, reaction mechanisms, pathways, bioreactions and bioreactors, catalysis, catalytic reactors, nonisothermal reactor designs, and more. Hydrodesulfurization hds or hydrotreating is a catalytic chemical process. Design parameters for a hydro desulfurization hds unit for. Now, fogler has created a new, completely updated fifth edition of his internationally respected book. In an industrial hydrodesulfurization unit, such as in a refinery, the hydrodesulfurization reaction takes place in a fixedbed reactor at elevated temperatures ranging from 300 to 400 c and elevated pressures ranging from 30 to atmospheres of absolute pressure, typically in the presence of a catalyst consisting of an alumina base. It illustrates all the possible processes to lower the sulfur contents in petroleum and its fractions to decrease emissions of sulfur oxides. Novel mechanistic routes that enhance the reactivity or reduce the inhibition are. Along with sulfur removal, however, olefin saturation occurs. Scott foglers elements of chemical reaction engineering has been the worlds dominant text for courses in chemical reaction engineering. He was 2009 president of the american institute of chemical engineers. Now, in essentials of chemical reaction engineering, second edition, fogler has distilled this classic into a.
The flow pattern in the monolithic catalyst reactor was segmented gas. Trimetallic sulfide catalysts for hydrodesulfurization. Hydrodesulfurization reactions are favored by a reduction in vvh. Vacuum gas oils and resid feeds can contain a significant. The experimental conditions for the activity tests were a feedstock of thiophene 15000 ppm, cyclohexane 90% and cyclohexene 10%, flow rate 0. This reactor presents a transient behavior for the catalytic effectiveness due to the obstruction of the catalyst pores,caused mainly by parallel reactions of hydrodemetalization acting on the. A rigorous kinetic model of hydrodesulfurization hds of complex mixtures such as light cycle oil lco or diesel has been developed. Metals the metals contained in the naphtha feed are arsenic, lead, and to a.
374 752 733 1354 1086 1131 169 995 843 1292 737 565 1103 220 51 420 299 1392 1465 129 437 1312 1180 1190 495 213 1178 218 893 1118 747 269 30 764 312 758